资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
中国经济年会与会人士热议——推动经济运行整体好转******
中央经济工作会议要求,做好明年经济工作,要突出做好稳增长、稳就业、稳物价工作,有效防范化解重大风险,推动经济运行整体好转,实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长。12月17日,由中国国际经济交流中心主办的“2022—2023中国经济年会”在北京召开,与会嘉宾就如何深入学习贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神进行了解读。
中央经济工作会议要求,明年要坚持稳字当头、稳中求进,继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策,加大宏观政策调控力度,加强各类政策协调配合,形成共促高质量发展合力。
积极的财政政策要加力提效。财政部副部长许宏才表示,“加力”主要体现在:一是统筹财政收入、财政赤字、专项债券、调入资金等,保持适度支出强度,加强国家重大战略任务财力保障,持续推动财力下沉;二是合理安排赤字率和地方政府专项债券规模,适当扩大专项债券资金投向领域和用作资本金范围,衔接今明两年持续形成实物工作量和投资拉动力,确保政府投资力度不减;三是持续增加中央对地方转移支付,做好困难群众、失业人员动态监测和救助帮扶,兜牢兜实基层“三保”底线,为经济运行营造良好基础环境。“提效”主要体现在:一是完善减税退税降费政策,增强精准性和针对性;二是进一步优化财政支出结构,加大科技攻关、生态环保、基本民生、区域协调等重点领域投入;三是更好发挥财政资金引导与撬动作用,有效带动扩大全社会投资和促进消费;四是完善财政资金直达机制,深化预算绩效管理,提高财政资金使用效益和财政政策效能;五是持续创新和完善财政宏观调控,注重加强与货币、就业、产业、科技、社会政策协调配合,形成高质量发展合力。
稳健的货币政策要精准有力。对此,人民银行副行长刘国强表示,明年的货币政策要坚持“总量要够,结构要准”。明年货币政策的力度不能小于今年,“总量要够”既包括更好满足实体经济的需要,也包括保持金融市场流动性合理充裕,资金价格维持合理弹性、不大起大落。“结构要准”就是要持续加大对普惠小微、科技创新、绿色发展、基础设施等重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度;要继续落实好一系列结构性货币政策,效果好的可以酌情加力;对一些具有明确阶段性要求的政策要及时评估,可以按时有序退出,也可以根据需要延长,让别的货币政策工具进行接续。
中央经济工作会议指出,明年经济工作千头万绪,要从战略全局出发,从改善社会心理预期、提振发展信心入手,纲举目张做好工作。
全国政协经济委员会副主任宁吉喆表示,着力扩大内需是推动经济运行整体好转的当务之急。总需求不足是当前经济运行面临的突出矛盾,针对这一现实问题,明年加大宏观政策调控力度,同时优化调整疫情防控政策,有利于恢复消费扩大内需,从而促进经济运行在合理区间。
中央经济工作会议对加快现代化产业体系建设作出了具体部署。中国国际经济交流中心副理事长王一鸣表示,明年要继续把培育战略性新兴产业作为重点任务,加快新能源、人工智能、生物技术、绿色低碳、量子计算等前沿技术研发与产业化应用。此外,还要增强科技创新对现代化产业体系的支撑,提升战略性资源供应保障能力,大力发展数字经济。
中央经济工作会议要求,更大力度吸引和利用外资。“要牢牢抓住改善营商环境这个牛鼻子。”国务院发展研究中心副主任隆国强表示,要主动对标高标准的国际经贸规则,稳步扩大规则规制、管理标准等制度型开放,深化国内相关领域改革。
中央财经委员会办公室分管日常工作的副主任韩文秀表示,我国经济韧性强、潜力大、活力足,长期向好的基本面没有变,资源要素条件可支撑。综合研判,明年世界经济增速可能会明显下滑,而我国经济可能总体回升,从而形成一个独立的向上运行的轨迹。首先,优化疫情防控措施,将给经济恢复发展带来重大积极影响。预计明年上半年特别是二季度,社会生产生活秩序将加快恢复,经济活力将会加速释放。其次,存量政策、增量政策同向发力,将积极促进经济恢复发展。(经济日报记者 熊 丽)
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)